http://pubs.ext.vt.edu/418/418-022/418-022.html"We successfully established new clover into these permanent pastures. The clover component in pastures increased more than 20-fold from April to August 2009. Broadcast frost seeding and no-till drilling were equally effective for establishing clover. We suspect successful clover establishment was related to a combination of factors:
- Heavy, mob grazing in winter that reduced standing dead vegetation and helped seedling emergence.
- Timely frost seeding during the first week of February.
-Aggressive rotational grazing in spring that simultaneously reduced grass competition and allowed clovers to grow enough to establish.
-Good soil fertility (adequate phosphorus, potassium, and pH) to stimulate clover growth.
-Rainfall, which was abundant during the 2009 growing season.
The exact factors that determine successful clover establishment remain elusive though, as there are probably combinations of events involved. The good news is that producers can control most of these variables through management (i.e., seeding time, stocking rate), and by doing so, should increase their chances of successful clover establishment in permanent pasture."